Cancer Basics
What is Cancer?
When this natural process breaks down, abnormal or damaged cells begin to multiply when they shouldn’t. These cells can form tumors, which may be:
- Benign (non-cancerous): Do not spread to other tissues.
- Malignant (cancerous): Invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).
How Cancer Grows and Spreads
Abnormal cells ignore signals to stop dividing.
These cells may clump together into lumps called tumors.
Malignant tumors can spread to distant organs through blood or lymph.
Some cancers form solid growths, while blood-related cancers spread through cells without forming solid tumors.
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Types of Cancer
There are over 100 types of cancer, often named after the organ or tissue where they begin (e.g., lung cancer starts in the lungs, brain cancer in the brain). Common categories include:
Carcinoma: Cancers developing from the skin or the lining of organs.
Sarcoma: Cancers in bone, muscle, fat, blood vessels, or connective tissues.
Leukemia / Lymphoma / Multiple Myeloma: Cancers of blood-forming tissues or immune system cells.
Melanoma: Cancers of pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes).
Brain & Spinal Cord Tumors: Cancers originating in the central nervous system.
Neuroendocrine & Carcinoid Tumors: Develop from hormone-producing cells.
